{"id":25393,"date":"2019-08-16T16:18:57","date_gmt":"2019-08-16T20:18:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marybakereddylibrary.org\/?p=25393"},"modified":"2022-04-21T13:21:45","modified_gmt":"2022-04-21T17:21:45","slug":"des-femmes-ayant-marque-lhistoire-miyo-matsukata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marybakereddylibrary.org\/fr\/research\/des-femmes-ayant-marque-lhistoire-miyo-matsukata\/","title":{"rendered":"Des femmes ayant marqu\u00e9 l\u2019Histoire : Miyo Matsukata"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Shokuma et Miyo Matsukata. Photo de Kaneichiro Imai. Avec la permission de Machiko Romaine.<\/p>\n

Miyo Matsukata (1891-1984) fait partie des tout premiers scientistes chr\u00e9tiens japonais. Bien d\u00e9cid\u00e9e \u00e0 faire sienne une religion qu\u2019elle a d\u00e9couverte dans son pays d\u2019adoption, elle va puiser dans sa foi et dans une \u00e9ducation unique, \u00e0 la crois\u00e9e de deux cultures, pour faire face \u00e0 l\u2019opposition \u00e0 une religion occidentale et aux difficult\u00e9s engendr\u00e9es par la Seconde Guerre mondiale.<\/p>\n

N\u00e9s \u00e0 New York de parents japonais, elle et son fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9 sont parmi les premiers nisei<\/em> (Japonais de la deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration) \u00e0 vivre sur la C\u00f4te Est des Etats-Unis. Son enfance am\u00e9ricaine est \u00e9galement marqu\u00e9e par les \u00e9t\u00e9s qu\u2019elle passe aupr\u00e8s de ses grands-parents, au Japon. A l\u2019\u00e2ge de 21 ans, elle part vivre au Japon et \u00e9pouse Shokuma Matsukata, le fils d\u2019un politicien japonais de premier plan.<\/span>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Elle s\u2019int\u00e8gre difficilement \u00e0 cette nouvelle culture et doit lutter avec les traditions et les coutumes de la vie japonaise, au point que sa sant\u00e9 en est affect\u00e9e.<\/span>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\"La

La famille Matsukata, vers 1927. Avec la permission du Patrimoine Miyo Matsuka par l\u2019entremise de Mimi Oka.<\/p><\/div>\n

En 1917, alors que, pour ainsi dire, seuls des Occidentaux pratiquent la Science Chr\u00e9tienne, Miyo Matsukata accompagne une amie \u00e0 une conf\u00e9rence de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne donn\u00e9e par Clarence Chadwick, \u00e0 Yokohama.<\/span>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span> \u00ab Quel espoir et quelle joie cela a \u00e9veill\u00e9 en moi, \u00e9crit-elle, quand j\u2019ai compris que la Science Chr\u00e9tienne avait un Principe divin ! \u00bb<\/span>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Elle se lance alors dans l\u2019\u00e9tude de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne. A la m\u00eame \u00e9poque, deux autres Japonaises, Sute Mitui et Tatsuo Takaki, entendent \u00e9galement parler de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne, chacune de son c\u00f4t\u00e9. Les trois femmes s\u2019engagent dans cette foi, bien que cela \u00ab aille \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de nombreuses coutumes rigides \u00bb et que cette pratique, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, \u00ab exige du courage ainsi que de la prudence, de la patience, de la sagesse et de l\u2019amour \u00bb.<\/span>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Elles demandent \u00e0 Florence E. Boynton, une institutrice scientiste chr\u00e9tienne originaire des Etats-Unis, de les aider, elles et leurs enfants, dans cette \u00e9tude.<\/span>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Selon Miyo Matsukata, Florence Boynton \u00ab a fait beaucoup pour pr\u00e9parer la terre, semer la bonne graine et veiller \u00e0 la croissance de cette graine \u00bb.<\/span>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

En 1924, Miyo Matsukata et son mari accueillent chez eux Frances Thurber Seal, en visite au Japon, apr\u00e8s qu\u2019elle a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 introduire la Science Chr\u00e9tienne en Allemagne. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 Mme<\/sup> Seal, elle apprend l\u2019existence d\u2019\u00e9coles pour scientistes chr\u00e9tiens aux Etats-Unis (The Principia, dans le Missouri, et Principia College, dans l\u2019Illinois). Finalement, tous les jeunes \u00e9l\u00e8ve de Florence Boynton, y compris les enfants de Miyo Matsukata, iront \u00e9tudier dans ces \u00e9tablissements.<\/span>10<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

La Science Chr\u00e9tienne se propage lentement au Japon, mais son ancrage se consolide gr\u00e2ce aux efforts conjugu\u00e9s de plusieurs familles japonaises. Le premier groupe informel de scientistes chr\u00e9tiens commence \u00e0 se r\u00e9unir en 1924. L\u2019Eglise M\u00e8re \u00e0 Boston (La Premi\u00e8re Eglise du Christ, Scientiste) leur accorde le statut de Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne, Tokyo, en 1931.<\/span>11<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Des facteurs culturels et linguistiques rendent difficile la traduction de nombreux termes en japonais et, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, on ne peut \u00e9tudier la Science Chr\u00e9tienne qu\u2019en anglais. C\u2019est l\u00e0 une limite \u00e0 sa croissance, car la population en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral ne parle pas anglais et conna\u00eet mal le christianisme.<\/span>12<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Miyo Matsukata a reconnu que c\u2019est gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son \u00e9ducation en la Nouvelle-Angleterre et \u00e0 sa connaissance des id\u00e9es puritaines qu\u2019elle a pu comprendre la d\u00e9couverte et les \u0153uvres de Mary Baker Eddy.<\/span>13<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Cependant, c\u2019est au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale que ce groupe japonais en d\u00e9veloppement conna\u00eet ses plus grandes difficult\u00e9s. Avant l\u2019entr\u00e9e en guerre des Etats-Unis, le Japon prend des mesures pour limiter l\u2019influence et les activit\u00e9s occidentales dans son pays. La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Tokyo est dissoute en 1941, pour anticiper sur une nouvelle loi exigeant que toutes les confessions chr\u00e9tiennes fusionnent sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab Eglise chr\u00e9tienne du Japon \u00bb. Tandis que des occidentaux, comme Florence Boynton, retournent dans leur pays natal, les services de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne continuent de se tenir secr\u00e8tement chez Miyo Matsukata jusqu\u2019au bombardement de Tokyo, en avril 1942.<\/span>14<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Takashi

Takashi Oka, dans les ann\u00e9es 1940. Avec la permission de Mimi Oka et Takashi Oka.<\/p><\/div>\n

S\u2019ensuit une p\u00e9riode d\u2019isolement au cours de laquelle de nombreux scientistes chr\u00e9tiens japonais se sentent coup\u00e9s du reste du monde et notamment de L\u2019Eglise M\u00e8re. Miyo Matsukata ressent d\u2019abord elle aussi cet \u00e9loignement. Mais elle \u00e9crira plus tard que, lorsqu\u2019elle a lu \u00ab L\u2019Etre, d\u00e9roulement divin et infini \u00bb, un article de Mary Sands Lee paru dans le Christian Science Journal<\/em> de janvier 1941 [voir le H\u00e9raut<\/em> en ligne du 18 juillet 2014], elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 frapp\u00e9e par l\u2019id\u00e9e que \u00ab le progr\u00e8s divin est \u00e0 la fois universel et individuel \u00bb. Comme elle l\u2019a expliqu\u00e9 par la suite, cela lui a rappel\u00e9 que \u00ab rien ne pouvait me s\u00e9parer de l\u2019Amour divin \u00bb<\/span>15<\/sup><\/a><\/span>, et cela l\u2019a aid\u00e9e \u00e0 retrouver un sentiment d\u2019appartenance jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de la guerre. Takashi Oka, qui deviendra correspondant du Christian Science Monitor,<\/em> est \u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole du dimanche \u00e0 Tokyo lorsque la guerre commence. Il se souviendra plus tard que Miyo Matsukata se sentait \u00e9troitement unie \u00e0 L\u2019Eglise M\u00e8re. Elle a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 effacer ce sentiment de s\u00e9paration pour les autres scientistes chr\u00e9tiens japonais en se procurant de la litt\u00e9rature de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne, que des amis su\u00e9dois adressaient par valise diplomatique \u00e0 Widar Bagge, diplomate su\u00e9dois dont la demeure \u00e9tait proche de celle des Matsukata.<\/span>16<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

A la fin de la guerre, en 1945, les scientistes chr\u00e9tiens japonais renouent le contact avec le monde ext\u00e9rieur. Les m\u00e8res, comme Miyo Matsukata, dont les enfants sont rest\u00e9s aux Etats-Unis, \u00e0 Principia College, peuvent communiquer avec eux pour la premi\u00e8re fois depuis quatre ans. Des scientistes chr\u00e9tiens occidentaux arrivent au Japon : ils sont membres des forces d\u2019occupation, aum\u00f4niers militaires, correspondants du Monitor<\/em> et travailleurs b\u00e9n\u00e9voles. Les Japonais sont de nouveau libres de pratiquer ouvertement la Science Chr\u00e9tienne avec leurs nouveaux amis, et ils sont riches de diverses exp\u00e9riences \u00e0 partager.<\/span>17<\/sup><\/a><\/span> La famille Matsukata organise une f\u00eate de No\u00ebl en 1945, dont l\u2019auteure Emi Abiko dira que c\u2019\u00e9tait \u00ab la premi\u00e8re lumi\u00e8re dans un environnement par ailleurs tr\u00e8s sombre \u00bb.<\/span>18<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Scientistes

Scientistes chr\u00e9tiens japonais et am\u00e9ricains, le jour de No\u00ebl 1945. Avec la permission de Mimi Oka et Takashi Oka.<\/p><\/div>\n

Miyo Matsukata publie un t\u00e9moignage dans le Journal<\/em> de juin 1969 [voir aussi le H\u00e9raut<\/em> de juillet 1969], o\u00f9 elle d\u00e9crit les bienfaits que ses enfants ont re\u00e7u de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne. Evoquant plus particuli\u00e8rement les p\u00e9riodes de maladie, elle \u00e9crit : \u00ab Chaque cas fut gu\u00e9ri efficacement et nous donna toujours une meilleure compr\u00e9hension de la gu\u00e9rison-Christ \u00bb.<\/span>19<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Elle est l\u2019une des premi\u00e8res scientistes chr\u00e9tiennes japonaises \u00e0 publier son annonce en tant que praticienne dans le Journal,<\/em> activit\u00e9 qu\u2019elle exerce de 1947 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 son d\u00e9c\u00e8s en 1984.<\/span>20<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Durant toutes ces ann\u00e9es, elle voit sa religion se d\u00e9velopper au Japon, bien au-del\u00e0 de son cercle restreint initial. Cela inclut la publication de la premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition japonaise du H\u00e9raut de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne<\/em> en 1962, et la traduction japonaise de Science et Sant\u00e9 avec la Clef des Ecritures<\/em> de Mary Baker Eddy en 1976 \u2013 initiative particuli\u00e8rement importante qui permet aux scientistes chr\u00e9tiens de langue japonaise de disposer du livre d\u2019\u00e9tude dans leur propre langue pour la premi\u00e8re fois.<\/p>\n

Miyo Matsukata et ses amis ont jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le fondamental dans ces d\u00e9veloppements importants ainsi que dans d\u2019autres \u00e9v\u00e8nements. Pour reprendre les propos d\u2019Emi Abiko, ils ont transmis \u00ab un pr\u00e9cieux h\u00e9ritage aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures \u00bb.<\/span>21<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

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Faites connaissance avec une femme qui a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le d\u00e9terminant dans l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne au 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