{"id":33333,"date":"2020-11-10T09:07:32","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T14:07:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marybakereddylibrary.org\/?p=33333"},"modified":"2022-09-02T10:44:31","modified_gmt":"2022-09-02T14:44:31","slug":"un-petit-cahier-raconte-une-grande-histoire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marybakereddylibrary.org\/fr\/research\/un-petit-cahier-raconte-une-grande-histoire\/","title":{"rendered":"Un petit cahier raconte une grande histoire"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”3.22″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_fullwidth_post_title author=”off” date_format=”j F Y” categories=”off” comments=”off” featured_image=”off” _builder_version=”4.6.6″ z_index_tablet=”500″ title_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” title_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” title_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” meta_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” meta_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” meta_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_post_title][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.22″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.25″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}” column_structure=”2_3,1_3″][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.marybakereddylibrary.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/CSA-notebook_2-800x500px.jpg” _builder_version=”4.6.6″ z_index_tablet=”500″ box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.7″ hover_enabled=”0″ z_index_tablet=”500″ box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

Photo du cahier de l\u2019Association Scientiste Chr\u00e9tienne, LSC025 02.15.02.<\/p>\n

En 1875, neuf \u00e9l\u00e8ves de Mary Baker Eddy cr\u00e9\u00e8rent une organisation non officielle. Ils \u00e9taient parmi les premiers \u00e0 avoir suivi son cours pour apprendre \u00e0 pratiquer la Science Chr\u00e9tienne. Ils consign\u00e8rent leurs noms dans un petit cahier, \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent dans nos archives, dans lequel ils gardaient \u00e9galement trace du paiement des cotisations.<\/p>\n

Le 4 juillet 1876, date de la c\u00e9l\u00e9bration du centenaire des Etats-Unis, Mary Baker Eddy officialisa cette organisation sous le nom d\u2019Association Scientiste Chr\u00e9tienne (CSA).<\/span>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Au moment de sa dissolution, 14 ans plus tard, la CSA avait exerc\u00e9 une influence durable dans l\u2019organisation et dans l\u2019administration du mouvement de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne, contribuant \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation des pr\u00e9misses de l\u2019Eglise, de la premi\u00e8re salle de lecture de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne \u00e0 Boston, et de ce qui allait devenir un jour la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9dition de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne.<\/p>\n

Mary Baker Eddy enseignait r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des \u00e9l\u00e8ves depuis 1870, deux ans avant de commencer la r\u00e9daction du livre d\u2019\u00e9tude de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne, qu\u2019elle appela Science et Sant\u00e9<\/em>.<\/span>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span> A cette \u00e9poque, la croissance de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne d\u00e9pendait largement des relations individuelles entres personnes\u00a0; elle ne reposait sur aucune structure administrative ni aucune organisation d\u2019\u00e9glise officielle. Bien qu\u2019elle f\u00fbt avant tout une organisation des \u00e9l\u00e8ves de Mary Baker Eddy, la CSA assuma d\u2019autres responsabilit\u00e9s. Fait important, lors d\u2019une r\u00e9union tenue le 12 avril 1879, dans la maison de Mary Baker Eddy \u00e0 Lynn, dans le Massachusetts, les membres de la CSA vot\u00e8rent l\u2019organisation de la premi\u00e8re \u00e9glise de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne.<\/span>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Au cours du mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt qui suivit, le Commonwealth du Massachusetts d\u00e9livra une charte \u00e0 cette \u00e9glise sous le nom d\u2019Eglise du Christ (Scientiste).<\/span>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Durant les ann\u00e9es 1880, la CSA continua de soutenir la croissance de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne, pour une grande part en contribuant \u00e0 jeter les bases de son activit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9dition. Les membres r\u00e9pondaient \u00e9galement \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat croissant que suscitaient dans le public Mary Baker Eddy et la nouvelle religion qu\u2019elle avait fond\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Le 31 janvier 1883, la CSA \u00e9tablit l\u2019anc\u00eatre de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9dition de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne (CSPS), sous le nom de Christian Scientists\u2019 Publishing Company [Maison d\u2019\u00e9dition des scientistes chr\u00e9tiens].<\/span>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Mary Baker Eddy en assurait la supervision, mais le r\u00f4le jou\u00e9 par la CSA dans l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019organismes comme celui-ci est un bon exemple de la diversit\u00e9 des personnes ayant contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la croissance de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne.<\/p>\n

Une autre responsabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9volue \u00e0 la CSA fut la gestion d\u2019une salle de lecture de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne. Celle-ci fut d\u2019abord situ\u00e9e dans les chambres 209 et 210 de l\u2019H\u00f4tel Boylston, puis \u00e0 l\u2019angle de la rue Boylston et de la rue Tremont, dans le quartier des th\u00e9\u00e2tres de Boston.<\/span>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Comme les salles de lecture de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne aujourd\u2019hui, il s\u2019agissait d\u2019une activit\u00e9 tourn\u00e9e vers le public, d\u2019un lieu o\u00f9 l\u2019on vendait les \u00e9crits de Mary Baker Eddy et les autres publications de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne, o\u00f9 l\u2019on r\u00e9pondait aux questions des gens du quartier, et qui offrait \u00e0 tous un espace de lecture.<\/span>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Rent<\/p>\n

Durant les deux premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es d\u2019existence de la salle de lecture de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne dans l\u2019H\u00f4tel Boylston, les quittances de loyer ressemblaient \u00e0 cette premi\u00e8re quittance pay\u00e9e en novembre 1888.<\/strong><\/p>\n

La CSA ou une personne agissant en son nom (en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral le tr\u00e9sorier, et en l\u2019occurrence Mary W. Munroe) payait \u00e0 Calvin A. Frye la location des chambres. Il s\u2019agissait tr\u00e8s certainement du remboursement du travail qu\u2019il avait fait, en tant que secr\u00e9taire de Mary Baker Eddy, pour fournir ces locaux. Par la suite, la CSA loua les locaux directement \u00e0 l\u2019H\u00f4tel Boylston. La CSA notait dans d\u2019autres registres la liste des fournitures achet\u00e9es par l\u2019organisation \u00e0 la CSPS et celle des ventes de la salle de lecture. Ces registres montrent comment la CSA a facilit\u00e9 la diffusion de la compr\u00e9hension [de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne] et de la gu\u00e9rison. Ils nous permettent de comprendre de quelle fa\u00e7on la Science Chr\u00e9tienne a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se faire conna\u00eetre du grand public.<\/p>\n

Au fur et \u00e0 mesure de la croissance du mouvement de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne, les \u00e9l\u00e8ves de Mary Baker Eddy qui avaient suivi son Cours Normal au Massachusetts Metaphysical College<\/em> devinrent professeurs de Science Chr\u00e9tienne. Le nombre de scientistes chr\u00e9tiens qui n\u2019avaient pas suivi le cours avec elle, mais qui montraient n\u00e9anmoins un int\u00e9r\u00eat pour s\u2019organiser, \u00e9tait en augmentation. D\u2019o\u00f9 la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019Association Nationale des Scientistes Chr\u00e9tiens (NCSA) en janvier 1886. Outre les \u00e9l\u00e8ves de Mary Baker Eddy, tous ceux qui \u00e9tudiaient la Science Chr\u00e9tienne pouvaient en devenir membres.<\/span>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Ses propres \u00e9l\u00e8ves \u00e9taient de plus en plus nombreux \u00e0 enseigner de nouvelles classes en dehors de l\u2019Etat du Massachusetts, cr\u00e9ant un nouveau mod\u00e8le d\u2019enseignement qui s\u2019\u00e9tendait bien au-del\u00e0 de la Nouvelle-Angleterre.<\/p>\n

L\u2019une des grandes responsabilit\u00e9s de la NCSA a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019accorder des chartes aux associations d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ves. Ces groupes fonctionnaient comme des organisations filiales de scientistes chr\u00e9tiens, rassembl\u00e9s autour d\u2019un professeur particulier.<\/span>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Ces petites associations affili\u00e9es permettaient \u00e0 tous les \u00e9l\u00e8ves d\u2019un m\u00eame professeur de rester unifi\u00e9s, de poursuivre leur instruction et de rester en contact apr\u00e8s avoir suivi le cours. Ces associations filiales envoyaient un rapport annuel \u00e0 la NCSA sur leurs activit\u00e9s et sur leurs membres. Elles envoyaient \u00e9galement des repr\u00e9sentants aux assembl\u00e9es annuelles,<\/span>10<\/sup><\/a><\/span> qui avaient lieu dans diff\u00e9rentes villes\u00a0: \u00e0 Boston en 1886 et 1887, \u00e0 Chicago en 1888, \u00e0 Cleveland en 1889 et \u00e0 New York en 1890. Il \u00e9tait ainsi plus facile pour les \u00e9l\u00e8ves qui vivaient plus \u00e0 l\u2019ouest de rester en contact avec leurs amis scientistes chr\u00e9tiens.<\/span>11<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Application

Demande pour obtenir la charte de l\u2019Association filiale des \u00e9l\u00e8ves de Caroline D. Noyes, de Chicago (Association no<\/sup> 16).<\/p><\/div>\n

L\u2019une de ces associations d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ves scientistes chr\u00e9tiens fut organis\u00e9e autour des \u00e9l\u00e8ves de Caroline D. Noyes<\/a>. Originaire du Maine, celle-ci se rendit \u00e0 Chicago en 1883 pour contribuer au d\u00e9veloppement de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne dans le Midwest. Elle devint professeure qualifi\u00e9e de Science Chr\u00e9tienne en 1885. Elle dirigea en m\u00eame temps l\u2019Institut Scientiste Chr\u00e9tien de l\u2019Illinois et contribua \u00e0 l\u2019organisation de la premi\u00e8re filiale de l\u2019Eglise du Christ (Scientiste) \u00e0 Chicago.<\/span>12<\/sup><\/a><\/span> La demande de Mme<\/sup> Noyes pour constituer une association filiale \u00e9tait la seizi\u00e8me du genre, et l\u2019une des premi\u00e8re dans le Midwest.<\/span>13<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Au fil du temps, la Science Chr\u00e9tienne acquit la dimension d\u2019une religion internationale, avec de plus en plus d\u2019\u00e9glises dans le monde. Cela incita Mary Baker Eddy \u00e0 r\u00e9organiser la structure de l\u2019Eglise. Elle \u00e9tablit La Premi\u00e8re Eglise du Christ, Scientiste, et fit construire une maison d\u2019\u00e9dition. La CSA devint une organisation informelle en 1889<\/span>14<\/sup><\/a><\/span> et cessa de g\u00e9rer la salle de lecture de Boston en 1894.<\/span>15<\/sup><\/a><\/span> La NCSA fut dissoute en 1893, apr\u00e8s avoir r\u00e9uni ses membres pour la premi\u00e8re fois en trois ans, lors du Parlement mondial des religions, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de l\u2019Exposition universelle de Chicago.<\/span>16<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de la proc\u00e9dure de dissolution, la NCSA continua d\u2019approuver l\u2019attribution de chartes aux associations filiales. Mais finalement ces organisations acquirent une plus grande ind\u00e9pendance jusqu\u2019\u00e0 leur transformation en associations scientistes chr\u00e9tiennes d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ves, telles qu\u2019elles existent aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\n

La CSA et la NCSA pr\u00e9sentaient des diff\u00e9rences marqu\u00e9es par rapport \u00e0 la structure organisationnelle actuelle du mouvement de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne. Cependant, elles ont accompli un travail important, essentiel, qui a \u00e9volu\u00e9 au fil du temps. Elles ont ouvert la voie \u00e0 bon nombre d\u2019activit\u00e9s qui soutiennent la mission de l\u2019Eglise du Christ, Scientiste, aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\n

La Biblioth\u00e8que Mary Baker Eddy vous invite \u00e0 explorer les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne\u00a0; vous y trouverez des outils de recherche concernant les premi\u00e8res archives de documents organisationnels du Fonds Mary Baker Eddy et des collections sp\u00e9ciales de la Biblioth\u00e8que, comme les Archives de l\u2019Association Scientiste Chr\u00e9tienne<\/a> (LSC025) et les Archives de l\u2019Association Nationale des Scientistes Chr\u00e9tiens<\/a> (LSC026).<\/em><\/p>\n

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