{"id":36055,"date":"2021-05-04T08:02:23","date_gmt":"2021-05-04T12:02:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marybakereddylibrary.org\/?p=36055"},"modified":"2022-09-02T10:41:16","modified_gmt":"2022-09-02T14:41:16","slug":"une-interview-de-mary-baker-eddy-par-arthur-brisbane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marybakereddylibrary.org\/fr\/research\/une-interview-de-mary-baker-eddy-par-arthur-brisbane\/","title":{"rendered":"Une interview de Mary Baker Eddy par Arthur Brisbane"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”3.22″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_fullwidth_post_title author=”off” date_format=”j F Y” categories=”off” comments=”off” featured_image=”off” _builder_version=”4.6.6″ z_index_tablet=”500″ title_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” title_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” title_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” meta_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” meta_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” meta_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_post_title][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.22″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.marybakereddylibrary.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/SB009_brisbane_article_800x500px.jpg” alt=”Photo of scrapbook” title_text=”SB009_brisbane_article_800x500px” _builder_version=”4.6.6″ z_index_tablet=”500″ box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.7″ hover_enabled=”0″ z_index_tablet=”500″ box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

Photo de l\u2019interview de Mary Baker Eddy par Arthur Brisbane dans le Cosmopolitan,<\/em> telle qu\u2019elle para\u00eet dans l\u2019album de Mary Baker Eddy (1907). SB009.<\/p>\n

Les m\u00e9dias publient \u00e0 l\u2019attention de leurs lecteurs divers articles sur Mary Baker Eddy, de son vivant. Certains pensent, comme le New York Herald,<\/em> qu\u2019elle est une sorte de \u00ab proph\u00e9tesse voil\u00e9e \u00bb, envelopp\u00e9e de myst\u00e8re.<\/span>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span> D\u2019autres ne partagent pas cette opinion.<\/span>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Mary Baker Eddy est bien consciente des portraits \u00e0 la fois n\u00e9gatifs et positifs que la presse quotidienne trace d\u2019elle et du mouvement de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne. On trouve des extraits de ces articles dans certains des albums conserv\u00e9s dans sa maison. Elle a tenu des albums-souvenirs depuis son plus jeune \u00e2ge, mais comme ses obligations lui prennent de plus en plus de temps, elle demande \u00e0 des membres de sa maisonn\u00e9e de les tenir \u00e0 sa place.<\/p>\n

Les collections de la Biblioth\u00e8que Mary Baker Eddy conservent 33 albums-souvenirs r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par Mary Baker Eddy ou par un membre de sa maisonn\u00e9e. Ils contiennent des coupures de journaux, divers souvenirs et des lettres. Si les documents recueillis dans ces pages racontent l\u2019histoire d\u2019une personne ou d\u2019un lieu, ils r\u00e9v\u00e8lent \u00e9galement le d\u00e9roulement d\u2019un moment, d\u2019une p\u00e9riode ou d\u2019un \u00e9v\u00e9nement particuliers.<\/span>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Ils permettent de mieux comprendre la croissance et le d\u00e9veloppement du mouvement de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne.<\/p>\n

Un article d\u2019Arthur Brisbane, \u00ab\u00a0An Interview with Mary Baker Eddy\u00a0\u00bb [Une interview de Mary Baker Eddy] paru dans le magazine Cosmopolitan<\/em> en ao\u00fbt 1907, a \u00e9t\u00e9 soigneusement coll\u00e9 dans un album, sur sept pages. Il pourrait facilement passer inaper\u00e7u dans cet album de 67 pages, et pourtant il est hautement significatif.<\/span>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span> En voici un agrandissement.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Les ann\u00e9es 1906 et 1907 sont marqu\u00e9es par deux grandes attaques men\u00e9es par la presse contre Mary Baker Eddy. Le New York World<\/em> (dont le propri\u00e9taire est Joseph Pulitzer) publie un article cinglant vers la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1906. Dans cet article intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Mrs. Mary Baker G. Eddy Dying; Footman and \u201cDummy\u201d Control Her\u00a0\u00bb [Madame Mary Baker G. Eddy est mourante\u00a0; un domestique et un \u00ab\u00a0pr\u00eate-nom\u00a0\u00bb la manipulent], il est dit que sa sant\u00e9 a d\u00e9clin\u00e9 et qu\u2019elle est retenue en otage chez elle. Pulitzer avait pourtant envoy\u00e9 des journalistes \u00e0 sa r\u00e9sidence de Concord, dans le New Hampshire. Malgr\u00e9 le peu de faits recueillis et un bref entretien avec elle, ces journalistes racontent \u00e0 leurs lecteurs que le secr\u00e9taire et le personnel de Mary Baker Eddy la manipulent et manipulent \u00e9galement sa grande fortune.<\/span>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Et puis en janvier 1907, McClure\u2019s Magazine<\/em> inaugure une s\u00e9rie d\u2019articles sur Mary Baker Eddy, bas\u00e9s sur des mensonges \u00e9hont\u00e9s visant \u00e0 l\u2019attaquer, elle et son mouvement.<\/p>\n

Divers journaux et magazines reprennent l\u2019article du World<\/em> ainsi que les passages les plus \u00ab\u00a0sensationnels\u00a0\u00bb de la s\u00e9rie publi\u00e9e dans McClure\u2019s,<\/em> cr\u00e9ant ainsi une effervescence dans l\u2019opinion publique de tout le pays et m\u00eame \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. Les gens sont convaincus que Mary Baker Eddy est mourante et que des membres de son personnel la manipulent. La biographe Gillian Gill note que Pulitzer \u00ab\u00a0n\u2019avait aucun scrupule \u00e0 exposer [Mary Baker Eddy] au regard du public\u00a0\u00bb. Comme l\u2019explique Gillian Gill, si le journalisme \u00e0 sensation du World<\/em> ne repose sur aucun fait r\u00e9el, la r\u00e9clusion de Mary Baker Eddy \u00e0 Concord a cr\u00e9\u00e9 autour d\u2019elle un parfum de myst\u00e8re\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\n

On lit le New York World<\/em> pour y trouver des histoires \u00e0 sensation et non des informations exactes, mais m\u00eame selon les propres crit\u00e8res de ce journal, les affirmations contenues dans l\u2019article sont outranci\u00e8res… Il faut comprendre ce que la situation de Mary Baker Eddy a de particulier. Elle est \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque de plus en plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre, son mouvement de plus en plus influent, mais elle s\u2019est retir\u00e9e dans le New Hampshire en 1889 et, depuis fin 1890, de moins en moins de personnes peuvent pr\u00e9tendre lui avoir adress\u00e9 la parole ou avoir re\u00e7u une lettre \u00e9crite de sa main.<\/span>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Le 1er<\/sup> mars 1907, William E. Chandler d\u00e9pose une plainte en justice pour \u00ab\u00a0prot\u00e9ger\u00a0\u00bb Mary Baker Eddy et ses biens. Pulitzer l\u2019a engag\u00e9 pour entamer une action en justice, appel\u00e9e par la suite le proc\u00e8s des \u00ab\u00a0Proches\u00a0\u00bb, estimant de son devoir de sauver Mary Baker Eddy et de prouver \u00ab\u00a0la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 fondamentale (si ce n\u2019est l\u2019exactitude pr\u00e9cise et factuelle\u00a0!) des r\u00e9centes affirmations publi\u00e9es dans son journal\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span> On note avec int\u00e9r\u00eat que Pulitzer se retire du proc\u00e8s avant m\u00eame qu\u2019il ait commenc\u00e9. Chandler reprend les r\u00eanes et explique que, puisque Mary Baker Eddy ne peut se d\u00e9fendre elle-m\u00eame, il agira en justice au nom de celle-ci et de son fils, George Washington Glover, Jr., et de ses \u00ab\u00a0Proches\u00a0\u00bb, Mary Baker Glover (la petite-fille) et George W. Baker (le neveu). Par la suite, Ebenezer J. Foster (le fils adoptif) et Fred W. Baker (un cousin) se joindront \u00e0 eux, mais Fred Baker se retirera un peu plus tard.<\/span>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Mary Baker Eddy comprend qu\u2019elle et son mouvement sont personnellement vis\u00e9s, et les articles de journaux consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 cette affaire judiciaire, qui figurent dans ses albums, corroborent tout \u00e0 fait cette conclusion.<\/span>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Frank S. Streeter, conseiller juridique de Mary Baker Eddy, d\u00e9cide que, pour contrer ces affirmations dans la presse, elle doit prendre elle-m\u00eame sa d\u00e9fense. A cette fin, elle se lance avec ses conseillers dans ce que Gillian Gill d\u00e9crit comme \u00ab une brillante s\u00e9rie d\u2019initiatives de relations publiques \u00bb. Streeter organise cinq interviews avec diff\u00e9rents journalistes et deux psychologues de renom (qui vont \u00e9valuer les capacit\u00e9s mentales de Mary Baker Eddy). Tous font des \u00e9loges \u00e0 son sujet.<\/span>10<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

La plus connue de ces interviews est celle qu\u2019elle a avec Brisbane, un journaliste tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 par le public am\u00e9ricain pour son style r\u00e9dactionnel simple et clair. Il rencontre Mary Baker Eddy le 8 juin 1907 et publie un compte rendu dans le num\u00e9ro d\u2019ao\u00fbt du Cosmopolitan.<\/em> Ce journaliste exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 a d\u00e9j\u00e0 travaill\u00e9 pour diff\u00e9rents journaux, dont le New York Sun<\/em> et le World,<\/em> et il a su fid\u00e9liser un large lectorat national gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa rubrique quotidienne, \u00ab\u00a0Today\u00a0\u00bb [Aujourd\u2019hui]. Quand il meurt, en 1936, Brisbane est le journaliste le mieux pay\u00e9 des Etats-Unis.<\/span>11<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <\/span>12<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Arthur

Portrait d\u2019Arthur Brisbane, 1906. Photographe inconnu. LC-USZ62-112725 (n&b copie film n\u00e9gat). Avec l\u2019aimable autorisation de la Biblioth\u00e8que du Congr\u00e8s, Service impressions et photographies, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.<\/p><\/div>\n

Streeter a choisi Cosmopolitan<\/em> pour l\u2019objectivit\u00e9 avec laquelle il a parl\u00e9 de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne. Dans un courrier dat\u00e9 de juillet 1907, Alfred Farlow informe les Comit\u00e9s de Publication de l\u2019Eglise que le magazine est une publication amicale.<\/span>13<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Cosmopolitan<\/em> a d\u00e9j\u00e0 contact\u00e9 Mary Baker Eddy au d\u00e9but de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1907, pour lui demander d\u2019\u00e9crire un article d\u00e9fendant la Science Chr\u00e9tienne.<\/span>14<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019article de Brisbane sur sa rencontre avec Mary Baker Eddy, les lecteurs ont mieux compris qui elle \u00e9tait. Brisbane raconte qu\u2019elle vit dans une maison sans faste, entour\u00e9e d\u2019un personnel attentionn\u00e9. Il \u00e9crit qu\u2019elle est robuste et en bonne sant\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 son grand \u00e2ge :<\/p>\n

\n

Elle est de taille moyenne et tr\u00e8s mince. Elle p\u00e8se probablement \u00e0 peine 45 Kg. Mais sa silhouette est droite lorsqu\u2019elle se l\u00e8ve pour marcher. Sa main fine a une poigne ferme ; la main ne tremble pas… (son) visage est presque d\u00e9nu\u00e9 de rides… Mary Baker Eddy a accumul\u00e9 un certain pouvoir dans ce monde… Mais c\u2019est un pouvoir plein de douceur, qui est d\u00e9tenu par une femme douce, timide et modeste… Chez Mary Baker Eddy, on voit uniquement le visage, le regard tr\u00e8s p\u00e9n\u00e9trant, et la belle expression tranquille que seuls l\u2019\u00e2ge et la r\u00e9flexion conf\u00e8rent \u00e0 un visage humain…<\/span>15<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Brisbane constate que Mary Baker Eddy est ind\u00e9pendante et capable de s\u2019occuper elle-m\u00eame de la gestion de ses finances et de son foyer. Il prend soin de noter la clart\u00e9 de sa pens\u00e9e et remarque qu\u2019elle inspire uniquement \u00ab un respect et une sympathie affectueux \u00bb.<\/span>16<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019article de Brisbane contribue \u00e0 contrer les attaques n\u00e9gatives dont Mary Baker Eddy fait l\u2019objet dans la presse. On peut se fier \u00e0 son compte rendu, car c\u2019est un journaliste professionnel, dont le respect \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de Mary Baker Eddy n\u2019a jamais faibli bien qu\u2019il ne soit pas scientiste chr\u00e9tien.<\/span>17<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Il confie \u00e0 son amie Helena Hoftyzer que ce fut un \u00ab\u00a0privil\u00e8ge\u00a0\u00bb d\u2019avoir interview\u00e9 Mary Baker Eddy, qui, dit-il, \u00e9tait \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019un des esprits les plus vifs qu\u2019il ait jamais rencontr\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb. D\u2019apr\u00e8s Helena Hoftyzer, Mary Baker Eddy a \u00e9galement gu\u00e9ri Brisbane d\u2019une grande fatigue au cours de leur entretien, ce qui lui a permis de comprendre la valeur de ses enseignements.<\/span>18<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Mary Baker Eddy \u00e9crira plus tard \u00e0 Brisbane que cet entretien lui a procur\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0un plaisir inhabituel qu\u2019elle s\u2019est autoris\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span>19<\/sup><\/a><\/span> L\u2019admiration de Brisbane pour Mary Baker Eddy se poursuivra m\u00eame apr\u00e8s la mort de celle-ci en 1910. Il est l\u2019un des porteurs fun\u00e9raires lors de ses obs\u00e8ques.<\/span>20<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

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Voyez comment un c\u00e9l\u00e8bre journaliste a aid\u00e9 Mary Baker Eddy en 1907, lors du proc\u00e8s dit des \u00ab Proches \u00bb.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":33696,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_oasis_is_in_workflow":0,"_oasis_original":0,"_oasis_task_priority":"2normal","_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","inline_featured_image":false,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[110,109],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-en-vedette","category-tire-de-nos-collections"],"yoast_head":"\nUne interview de Mary Baker Eddy par Arthur Brisbane - 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