{"id":49088,"date":"2022-08-08T16:31:05","date_gmt":"2022-08-08T20:31:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marybakereddylibrary.org\/?p=49088"},"modified":"2022-07-25T08:50:24","modified_gmt":"2022-07-25T12:50:24","slug":"le-monitor-sur-la-lune","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marybakereddylibrary.org\/fr\/research\/le-monitor-sur-la-lune\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Monitor<\/em> sur la Lune"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”3.22″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_fullwidth_post_title author=”off” date_format=”j F Y” categories=”off” comments=”off” featured_image=”off” _builder_version=”4.6.6″ z_index_tablet=”500″ title_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” title_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” title_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” meta_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” meta_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” meta_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_post_title][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.22″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.marybakereddylibrary.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/AS14-68-9405_CSM-on-the-moon-article_800x800px.jpg” alt=”A list in Calvin Frye’s diary” title_text=”AS14-68-9405_CSM-on-the-moon-article_800x800px” _builder_version=”4.14.7″ z_index_tablet=”500″ box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=”Photo caption %91DON’T ADD ANY ADDITIONAL FORMATTING!%93″ module_class=”custom-caption-centered” _builder_version=”4.14.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

L’astronaute Alan Shepard utilise un \u00e9tabli portable lors de la mission Apollo 14 sur la Lune, le 5 f\u00e9vrier 1971. Avec l’aimable autorisation de la NASA\/JSC.<\/p>\n

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Le 6 f\u00e9vrier 1971, dans un article en premi\u00e8re page, le Christian Science Monitor<\/em> a inform\u00e9 les lecteurs qu\u2019Apollo 14 s\u2019\u00e9tait pos\u00e9e en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sur la Lune. Des images granuleuses emplissaient le journal, montrant les astronautes Alan B. Shepard, Jr. (1923-1998) et Edgar Mitchell (1930-2016) faisant leurs premiers pas sur la Lune. A cette \u00e9poque, le public am\u00e9ricain \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 familier de ce type de spectacle, car il s\u2019agissait de la troisi\u00e8me mission lunaire de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique.<\/span>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019extraordinaire alunissage d\u2019Apollo 11 en 1969, les lecteurs se sont peut-\u00eatre d\u00e9sint\u00e9ress\u00e9s des alunissages r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/span>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Mais sur la m\u00eame page, un autre titre plus petit \u00e9tait inclus\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Monitor<\/em> on Moon \u00bb [Le Monitor sur la Lune]. Sans faire beaucoup de bruit \u00e0 ce sujet, le quotidien international rapportait que Shepard avait pris avec lui un exemplaire de sa premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition.<\/span>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Pour les fervents abonn\u00e9s, cela ne pouvait que susciter de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat.<\/p>\n

Shepard \u00e9tait le premier am\u00e9ricain \u00e0 \u00eatre all\u00e9 dans l\u2019espace le 5 mai 1961. Il a dirig\u00e9 la mission Apollo 14, qui, en plus de Mitchell, incluait Stuart Roosa (1933-1994). Le d\u00e9collage a eu lieu le 31 janvier 1971, avec un retour sur Terre neuf jours plus tard. Les trois astronautes ont pass\u00e9 un total de 33 heures trente en orbite et sur la Lune. Le but d\u2019Apollo 14 \u00e9tait principalement de recueillir des informations scientifiques. L\u2019\u00e9quipage a \u00e9galement ramen\u00e9 sur Terre 49kg d\u2019\u00e9chantillons de roches lunaires.<\/span>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Bien que Mitchell et Shepard n\u2019aient pas pu atteindre un crat\u00e8re, comme pr\u00e9vu \u00e0 l\u2019origine, l\u2019\u00e9quipe a rencontr\u00e9 tr\u00e8s peu de probl\u00e8mes et a effectu\u00e9 deux sorties dans l\u2019espace.<\/span>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Shepard a m\u00eame c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 cet \u00e9v\u00e8nement en frappant deux balles de golf sur la surface de la Lune avec son club.<\/span>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Les responsables de la National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) s\u2019inqui\u00e9taient initialement du succ\u00e8s de Shepard et de son \u00e9quipe. En avril 1970, Apollo 13 devait se poser sur la Lune, mais une urgence survenue alors qu\u2019elle \u00e9tait en orbite l\u2019a contrainte \u00e0 revenir sur Terre, hypoth\u00e9quant ainsi le succ\u00e8s de lancements ult\u00e9rieurs dans l\u2019espace. Le Monitor<\/em> a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 ce sentiment le 30 janvier 1971\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Les 1,6 milliards de dollars budg\u00e9t\u00e9s pour Apollo au cours de l\u2019exercice 1970 tomberont \u00e0 seulement 600 millions de dollars au cours de l\u2019exercice 1972… Et si Apollo 14 avortait, peut-\u00eatre m\u00eame que les trois fus\u00e9es Apollo restantes, d\u00e9j\u00e0 r\u00e9duites \u00e0 deux, seraient annul\u00e9es.<\/span>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mais le Monitor<\/em> est arriv\u00e9 sur la Lune le 5 f\u00e9vrier 1971. Et il a accompagn\u00e9 Shepard lors de sa premi\u00e8re sortie sur la Lune ce jour-l\u00e0. Shepard a pu apporter la premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition compl\u00e8te, ainsi que 100 exemplaires de sa page de couverture. Car la NASA a pu r\u00e9duire la taille du papier en l\u2019imprimant sur microfilm, un type de petites bandes de film visible avec un \u00e9quipement sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9.<\/span>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais comment le Monitor<\/em> a-t-il pu atteindre l\u2019espace\u00a0? C\u2019est gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 Joyce Becker, une repr\u00e9sentante publicitaire du Monitor<\/em> qui vivait \u00e0 Houston, au Texas. Elle \u00e9tait amie avec Louise, la femme de Shepard. Un jour, apr\u00e8s le service de Troisi\u00e8me Eglise du Christ, Scientiste, Houston, Joyce Becker a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 cette id\u00e9e. Ralph C. Charbeneau, alors directeur du d\u00e9partement Promotion de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9dition de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne, \u00e0 Boston, a d\u00e9crit le cours des \u00e9v\u00e9nements dans une note au directeur, Robert Bergenheim\u00a0:<\/p>\n

M. Shepard a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu\u2019il avait en fait d\u00e9j\u00e0 accept\u00e9 de prendre la premi\u00e8re page de deux autres journaux avec lui, mais qu\u2019il serait heureux de prendre le Monitor<\/em>. Nous avons tous convenu qu\u2019une version microfilm de l\u2019int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 du num\u00e9ro du Monitor<\/em> nous offrirait certains avantages promotionnels, sup\u00e9rieurs au fait d\u2019\u00eatre simplement un journal \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9galement pr\u00e9sent\u00a0\u00bb avec notre page de couverture.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nous avons emball\u00e9 le num\u00e9ro original microfilm\u00e9 du Monitor<\/em> dans une petite bo\u00eete de film 35 mm (aussi ronde qu\u2019un demi-dollar et d\u2019environ 4,5 cm de haut). Nous comptons \u00e9galement ajouter autant de pages de couverture microfilm\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires de ce num\u00e9ro que la bo\u00eete pourrait contenir. Nous pensons pouvoir en mettre entre 50 et 75.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

A leur retour sur Terre, nous pr\u00e9voyons un montage appropri\u00e9 de chacun d\u2019eux, probablement suspendu dans une sph\u00e8re de plastique lucite transparent et montrant une copie ad\u00e9quate.<\/span>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Aucune de ces 100 copies de microfilm n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 laiss\u00e9e sur la roche lunaire ; elles ont toutes accompli l\u2019excursion des 1 851 262 km de la Terre \u00e0 la Lune et retour.<\/span>10<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Photographie d\u2019un globe souvenir contenant une premi\u00e8re page de microfilm du Christian Science Monitor<\/em> embarqu\u00e9 dans Apollo 14.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Le Monitor<\/em> n\u2019\u00e9tait pas le premier texte non scientifique emport\u00e9 dans l\u2019espace. L\u2019Apollo Prayer League, form\u00e9e en 1968 par des astronautes de la NASA, s\u2019\u00e9tait donn\u00e9 pour mission d\u2019emporter une copie de la version King James de la Bible sur la Lune. Apr\u00e8s plusieurs tentatives infructueuses sur Apollo 12 et Apollo 13, elle a pu atteindre cet objectif sur Apollo 14. Tandis que Shepard transportait le Monitor<\/em> lors de la premi\u00e8re sortie de cette mission sur la Lune, Mitchell a emport\u00e9 300 copies sur microfilm de la Bible.<\/span>11<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Le Monitor<\/em> n\u2019\u00e9tait pas non plus le seul journal \u00e0 bord d\u2019Antara, le module lunaire d\u2019Apollo 14. Apr\u00e8s de nombreux efforts, Al Neuharth, \u00e9diteur de Today<\/em> (maintenant Florida Today<\/em>), a convaincu Shepard d\u2019emporter \u00e9galement des exemplaires de cette publication sur la Lune. Shepard n\u2019a en revanche pas honor\u00e9 la demande suppl\u00e9mentaire visant \u00e0 ce que les exemplaires soient laiss\u00e9s sur place au moment de revenir sur Terre.<\/span>12<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Les copies du Monitor<\/em> qui sont all\u00e9es sur Apollo 14 ont ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9es dans des globes et distribu\u00e9es en tant que souvenirs<\/span>13<\/sup><\/a><\/span> \u2013 et les fonds de la Biblioth\u00e8que Mary Baker Eddy en d\u00e9tiennent un. Le journal a \u00e9galement organis\u00e9 sa propre promotion, dans laquelle les lecteurs pouvaient, pour trois dollars, participer \u00e0 Apollo 14 avec leurs propres \u00ab r\u00e9impressions en taille r\u00e9elle \u00bb de la premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition historique.<\/span>14<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Ainsi, alors que les alunissages avaient peut-\u00eatre perdu de leur int\u00e9r\u00eat pour certains en 1971, cette histoire unique \u2013 et la chance de se joindre \u00e0 l\u2019exp\u00e9rience \u2013 a assur\u00e9ment capt\u00e9 l\u2019attention.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

L\u2019exemplaire du Monitor<\/em> de la Biblioth\u00e8que Mary Baker Eddy qui est all\u00e9 sur la surface de la Lune.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Le 25 novembre 1908, lors de sa premi\u00e8re publication, le Monitor<\/em> avait fait para\u00eetre un article intitul\u00e9 : \u00ab LIFE ON MARS MAY BE SHOWN \u00bb [LA VIE SUR MARS PEUT \u00caTRE MONTR\u00c9E].<\/span>15<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Il semble donc appropri\u00e9 de dire que, tout comme sa premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition d\u00e9taillait la qu\u00eate de connaissance de l\u2019humanit\u00e9, un num\u00e9ro beaucoup plus tardif a pu rejoindre Apollo 14 dans sa mission visant \u00e0 faire progresser la compr\u00e9hension scientifique. A ce moment-l\u00e0, le Monitor<\/em> n\u2019en \u00e9tait plus \u00e0 ses modestes d\u00e9buts ; il \u00e9tait devenu un journal international prosp\u00e8re. En \u00e9tant all\u00e9 sur la Lune, il avait litt\u00e9ralement atteint une autre altitude. Il ne fait par ailleurs aucun doute que la signification de cet \u00e9v\u00e8nement n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 ignor\u00e9e par Shepard, qui appr\u00e9ciait la Science Chr\u00e9tienne, et qui appr\u00e9ciait probablement aussi la signification plus profonde de cet accomplissement. <\/span>16<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Ce blog est aussi disponible sur nos sites en allemand<\/strong><\/a>, anglais<\/strong><\/a>, espagnol<\/strong><\/a> et portugais<\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

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