{"id":60619,"date":"2023-11-09T14:10:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-09T19:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marybakereddylibrary.org\/?p=60619"},"modified":"2023-11-16T10:32:41","modified_gmt":"2023-11-16T15:32:41","slug":"comment-mary-baker-eddy-employait-elle-le-terme-physique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marybakereddylibrary.org\/fr\/research\/comment-mary-baker-eddy-employait-elle-le-terme-physique\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment Mary Baker Eddy employait-elle le terme \u00ab physique \u00bb ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_fullwidth_post_title author=”off” date_format=”j F Y” categories=”off” comments=”off” featured_image=”off” _builder_version=”4.16″ z_index_tablet=”500″ title_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” title_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” title_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” meta_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” meta_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” meta_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_post_title][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.marybakereddylibrary.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/FR-IMG_1965.jpg” alt=”Photo of ” title_text=”FR – IMG_1965″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

On nous interroge souvent sur la signification du mot \u00ab\u00a0physique\u00a0\u00bb tel qu\u2019on l\u2019utilisait \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de Mary Baker Eddy.<\/p>\n

Mary Baker Eddy fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au terme \u00ab\u00a0physique\u00a0\u00bb 13 fois, de mani\u00e8re bien pr\u00e9cise, dans Science et Sant\u00e9 avec la Clef des Ecritures,<\/i> qu\u2019elle a appel\u00e9 le livre d\u2019\u00e9tude de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne. Elle utilise le m\u00eame mot 20 fois dans ses autres \u00e9crits.<\/p>\n

Elle oppose souvent la \u00ab\u00a0physique\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 la \u00ab\u00a0m\u00e9taphysique\u00a0\u00bb, terme qu\u2019elle emploie beaucoup plus souvent et qu\u2019elle associe \u00e0 la pratique de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne. \u00ab\u00a0La m\u00e9taphysique est au-dessus de la physique, \u00e9crit-elle, et la mati\u00e8re n\u2019entre ni dans les pr\u00e9misses ni dans les conclusions m\u00e9taphysiques.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Elle \u00e9crit \u00e9galement\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La croyance universelle \u00e0 la physique s\u2019oppose aux v\u00e9rit\u00e9s hautes et puissantes de la m\u00e9taphysique chr\u00e9tienne.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

La premi\u00e8re utilisation du terme \u00ab\u00a0physique\u00a0\u00bb dans Science et Sant\u00e9<\/i> appara\u00eet \u00e0 la page viii\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La th\u00e9ologie et la physique enseignent que l\u2019Esprit et la mati\u00e8re sont tous deux r\u00e9els et bons, tandis que le fait est que l\u2019Esprit est bon et r\u00e9el, et que la mati\u00e8re est l\u2019oppos\u00e9 de l\u2019Esprit.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Et ailleurs, elle \u00e9crit ceci\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\n

Si, dans nos \u00e9coles, on consacrait \u00e0 la Bible et \u00e0 Science et Sant\u00e9 avec la Clef des Ecritures<\/i> le m\u00eame temps ou la m\u00eame attention qu\u2019aux hypoth\u00e8ses humaines, ces livres feraient progresser le monde. Il est vrai qu\u2019il faut \u00e9tudier davantage pour comprendre et d\u00e9montrer ce qu\u2019ils enseignent que pour apprendre la doctrine de la th\u00e9ologie, la philosophie ou la physique, parce qu’ils renferment et offrent la Science, avec un Principe fixe, une r\u00e8gle d\u00e9termin\u00e9e et des preuves infaillibles.<\/span>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Que pouvons-nous apprendre sur l\u2019emploi du mot \u00ab\u00a0physique\u00a0\u00bb par Mary Baker Eddy, compte tenu de l\u2019\u00e9volution de la d\u00e9finition de ce terme depuis le d\u00e9but du XXe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle\u00a0? Aujourd\u2019hui, le site du dictionnaire am\u00e9ricain Merriam-Webster.com<\/i> en donne la d\u00e9finition suivante\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\n

Science qui traite de la mati\u00e8re et de l\u2019\u00e9nergie et de leurs interactions, des processus et des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes physiques d\u2019un syst\u00e8me particulier, de la composition et des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques d\u2019un objet.<\/span>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Pour Mary Baker Eddy et ses contemporains, la \u00ab\u00a0physique\u00a0\u00bb signifiait sans doute quelque chose d\u2019un peu diff\u00e9rent, comme le montre l\u2019examen des dictionnaires du XIXe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle. Le Webster\u2019s Complete Dictionary of the English Language<\/i> [Dictionnaire complet de la langue anglaise Webster] de 1886, publi\u00e9 par G. & C. Merriam &Co, d\u00e9finissait la \u00ab physique \u00bb en ces termes :<\/p>\n

\n

La science de la nature ou des objets naturels, comprenant l\u2019\u00e9tude et la connaissance du monde mat\u00e9riel\u00a0; en particulier, le domaine des sciences naturelles traitant des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9rales des corps et des causes (comme la gravitation, la chaleur, la lumi\u00e8re, le magn\u00e9tisme, l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 etc.) qui modifient ces propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\u00a0; la philosophie naturelle.<\/span>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Selon une deuxi\u00e8me d\u00e9finition dans ce m\u00eame dictionnaire, la \u00ab\u00a0physique\u00a0\u00bb \u00e9tait \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019art de gu\u00e9rir les maladies\u00a0; la th\u00e9orie et la pratique de la m\u00e9decine\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Bien que nous ne soyons pas en mesure de d\u00e9terminer quelle \u00e9tait la d\u00e9finition de Mary Baker Eddy du mot \u00ab\u00a0physique\u00a0\u00bb, les dictionnaires qu\u2019elle poss\u00e9dait nous fournissent un indice possible. Notre collection comprend un exemplaire du dictionnaire American Dictionary of the English Language<\/i> [Dictionnaire am\u00e9ricain de la langue anglaise] de 1887, qui faisait partie de la biblioth\u00e8que personnelle de Mary Baker Eddy dans sa maison de Chestnut Hill, dans le Massachusetts. Il est donc possible qu\u2019elle ait donn\u00e9 \u00e0 ce terme un sens analogue \u00e0 celui qui figure dans l\u2019\u00e9dition de 1886 du Webster\u2019s Complete Dictionary<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d\u2019informations sur les ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence utilis\u00e9s par Mary Baker Eddy au cours de sa vie, voir l\u2019article \u00ab\u00a0Quels dictionnaires Mary Baker Eddy poss\u00e9dait-elle\u00a0?\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb, sur notre site Internet (en anglais).<\/p>\n

Il est important de souligner que Mary Baker Eddy s\u2019est int\u00e9ress\u00e9e aux progr\u00e8s de la science et de la physique \u00e0 son \u00e9poque. Comme le note le biographe Robert Peel dans son livre Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Authority<\/i> [Mary Baker Eddy\u00a0: Les ann\u00e9es d\u2019autorit\u00e9], publi\u00e9 en 1977, les nouvelles d\u00e9couvertes scientifiques se faisaient \u00e0 un rythme exponentiel au dix-neuvi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\n

… chaque ann\u00e9e apportait de nouvelles d\u00e9couvertes et de nouvelles avanc\u00e9es stup\u00e9fiantes dans le domaine de la science physique, notamment les rayons X, la t\u00e9l\u00e9graphie sans fil, la radioactivit\u00e9, l\u2019\u00e9lectron, le radium, la th\u00e9orie quantique, la th\u00e9orie de la relativit\u00e9 restreinte, ce qui entra\u00eena, \u00e0 terme, des avanc\u00e9es dans les domaines de la logique math\u00e9matique, de l\u2019a\u00e9ronautique, de la th\u00e9orie de la mutation et de la psychopathologie. Toutes les th\u00e9ories classiques sur la mati\u00e8re, l\u2019action atomique, l\u2019espace-temps, la causalit\u00e9 m\u00eame, semblaient bouscul\u00e9es par un flux h\u00e9raclit\u00e9en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral [un changement perp\u00e9tuel]…<\/span>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Pour Mary Baker Eddy, cette compr\u00e9hension nouvelle du monde physique signifiait \u00e9galement une meilleure appr\u00e9hension du monde spirituel. Comme ces th\u00e9ories nouvelles modifiaient la perception du monde, Mary Baker Eddy pensait qu\u2019elles pouvaient aussi modifier l\u2019id\u00e9e que l\u2019on se faisait de la mati\u00e8re. Ainsi, Robert Peel explique que lorsque Albert Einstein a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 son concept de la relation entre la masse et l\u2019\u00e9nergie en 1905, Mary Baker Eddy a approfondi cette id\u00e9e dans sa nouvelle \u00e9dition de Science et Sant\u00e9\u00a0:<\/i><\/p>\n

\n

A la fin de 1905 et au d\u00e9but de 1906, Mary Baker Eddy travaillait \u00e0 sa derni\u00e8re r\u00e9vision majeure de Science et Sant\u00e9<\/i>. A cette occasion, elle apporta un petit changement en ajoutant deux mots \u00e0 une phrase qui, dans sa forme d\u00e9finitive, \u00e9nonce la \u00ab\u00a0lutte entre l\u2019id\u00e9e du pouvoir divin, que J\u00e9sus pr\u00e9senta, et l\u2019intelligence mythologique mat\u00e9rielle appel\u00e9e \u00e9nergie<\/i> et qui s\u2019oppose \u00e0 l\u2019Esprit\u00a0\u00bb. Les deux mots ajout\u00e9s en 1905-6, \u00e9taient : \u00ab\u00a0appel\u00e9e \u00e9nergie<\/i> \u00bb (ses propres italiques). Ils t\u00e9moignent de sa certitude absolue qu\u2019en identifiant la mati\u00e8re et sa pr\u00e9tention \u00e0 l\u2019intelligence en tant qu\u2019\u00e9nergie, on avan\u00e7ait d\u2019un pas vers la reconnaissance ult\u00e9rieure du fait que \u00ab la force physique et l\u2019entendement mortel ne font qu\u2019un \u00bb, un faux mode de conscience, une mauvaise compr\u00e9hension de l\u2019\u00eatre, qui se r\u00e9duira finalement \u00e0 une limite impossible \u00e0 l\u2019infinitude de l\u2019Esprit.<\/span>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Pour en apprendre davantage sur un sujet connexe, vous pouvez lire\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Einstein s\u2019est-il int\u00e9ress\u00e9 \u00e0 la Science Chr\u00e9tienne\u00a0?\u00a0<\/strong><\/a>\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n

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Cet article est aussi disponible sur nos sites en allemand<\/strong><\/a>, anglais<\/strong><\/a>, espagnol<\/strong><\/a> et portugais<\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

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D\u00e9couvrez comment elle utilise des termes sp\u00e9cifiques pour l\u2019\u00e9tude de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":51,"featured_media":61171,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_oasis_is_in_workflow":0,"_oasis_original":0,"_oasis_task_priority":"2normal","_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","inline_featured_image":false,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[210],"tags":[124,118,125],"class_list":["post-60619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nos-archivistes-vous-repondent-fr","tag-ecrits-de-mary-baker-eddy","tag-recherche","tag-vie-de-mary-baker-eddy"],"yoast_head":"\nComment 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