{"id":83954,"date":"2025-05-07T08:28:50","date_gmt":"2025-05-07T12:28:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marybakereddylibrary.org\/?p=83954"},"modified":"2025-05-07T11:16:13","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T15:16:13","slug":"des-femmes-ayant-marque-lhistoire-clara-barton","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marybakereddylibrary.org\/fr\/research\/des-femmes-ayant-marque-lhistoire-clara-barton\/","title":{"rendered":"Des femmes ayant marqu\u00e9 l\u2019Histoire : Clara Barton"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_fullwidth_post_title author=”off” date_format=”j F Y” categories=”off” comments=”off” featured_image=”off” _builder_version=”4.16″ z_index_tablet=”500″ title_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” title_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” title_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” meta_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” meta_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” meta_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_post_title][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.marybakereddylibrary.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2015-Clara-Barton-2025-edit.jpg” alt=”Clara Barton” title_text=”2015 – Clara Barton 2025 edit” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=”Photo caption %91DON’T ADD ANY ADDITIONAL FORMATTING!%93″ module_class=”custom-caption-centered” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Portrait de Clara Barton, vers 1904. Photo de J.E. Purdy.
\nBiblioth\u00e8que du Congr\u00e8s, Division des estampes et photographies, LC-USZ62-75827.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Clara Barton est connue pour son engagement humanitaire, son travail d\u2019enseignante et d\u2019infirmi\u00e8re. Elle \u00e9tait \u00e9galement contemporaine de Mary Baker Eddy. Les deux femmes partageaient un objectif commun\u00a0: soulager la souffrance humaine. Bien qu\u2019elles aient men\u00e9 leurs activit\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re diff\u00e9rente, toutes deux ont \u0153uvr\u00e9 sans rel\u00e2che pour leurs causes respectives.<\/p>\n

Clarissa Harlowe Barton est n\u00e9e le jour de No\u00ebl 1821, \u00e0 Oxford, dans le Massachusetts (Etats-Unis). Le premier exemple de son d\u00e9vouement ind\u00e9fectible envers les autres remonte peut-\u00eatre aux ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 elle a pris soin de son fr\u00e8re David, bless\u00e9 lors d\u2019un accident. Alors que les m\u00e9decins avaient perdu tout espoir de gu\u00e9rison, il s\u2019est enti\u00e8rement r\u00e9tabli.<\/p>\n

Devenue enseignante \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de 15 ans, Clara Barton a ouvert sa propre \u00e9cole \u00e0 Bordentown, dans le New Jersey. Elle s\u2019est ensuite install\u00e9e \u00e0 Washington, D.C., et a occup\u00e9 le poste de secr\u00e9taire \u00e0 l\u2019Office des brevets des Etats-Unis, o\u00f9 ses opinions anti-esclavagistes ont fait d\u2019elle une personnalit\u00e9 controvers\u00e9e. Elle a perdu son emploi en 1857, apr\u00e8s l\u2019accession de James Buchanan \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence.<\/p>\n

Au d\u00e9but de la guerre de S\u00e9cession en 1861, Clara Barton a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019une des premi\u00e8res volontaires \u00e0 l\u2019infirmerie de Washington. Elle a quitt\u00e9 les h\u00f4pitaux de la ville pour aider les soldats sur le champ de bataille, soutenant l\u2019organisation de la collecte de mat\u00e9riel de premiers secours, du transport de l\u2019eau et de la pr\u00e9paration des repas. Elle utilisait souvent ses propres deniers pour financer l\u2019achat de fournitures. Sa pr\u00e9sence sur les champs de bataille devint fr\u00e9quente, notamment \u00e0 Fredericksburg, Antietam et Charleston. La capacit\u00e9 de Clara Barton \u00e0 supporter les conditions physiques et \u00e9motionnelles difficiles du front \u00e9tait remarquable, bien que sa sant\u00e9 en ait souffert. On la surnommait \u00ab l\u2019ange du champ de bataille \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s la guerre, le pr\u00e9sident Abraham Lincoln a nomm\u00e9 Clara Barton correspondante g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Amis des prisonniers lib\u00e9r\u00e9s sur parole. Elle a supervis\u00e9 la recherche d\u2019informations concernant plus de 21 000 soldats disparus, cherchant leurs noms dans les registres des prisons et les listes de victimes, et installant des plaques fun\u00e9raires en leur m\u00e9moire. Plus tard, elle a poursuivi son service aupr\u00e8s des soldats durant les guerres franco-prussienne et hispano-am\u00e9ricaine, participant \u00e9galement aux op\u00e9rations de secours tant sur le plan national qu\u2019international.<\/p>\n

Clara Barton a \u00e9t\u00e9 inspir\u00e9e par l\u2019action que la Croix-Rouge internationale a men\u00e9e en temps de guerre et lors des catastrophes naturelles. En 1881, elle a fond\u00e9 la Croix-Rouge am\u00e9ricaine et en est devenue la premi\u00e8re pr\u00e9sidente. Elle a \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le d\u00e9terminant dans la ratification des Conventions de Gen\u00e8ve par les Etats-Unis l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante. Elle est rest\u00e9e active durant la derni\u00e8re partie de sa vie, poursuivant son travail pour la Croix-Rouge jusqu\u2019\u00e0 sa d\u00e9mission en 1904. Elle a donn\u00e9 des conf\u00e9rences bien apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e2ge de 80 ans. Elle est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e \u00e0 Glen Echo, dans le Maryland, le 12 avril 1912.<\/p>\n

Clara Barton et Mary Baker Eddy ne se sont jamais rencontr\u00e9es. Cependant, elles se r\u00e9pondaient au travers des publications de l\u2019\u00e9poque, qui t\u00e9moignent d\u2019une admiration mutuelle. Dans une interview accord\u00e9e au New York American<\/i> le 6 janvier 1908, Clara Barton a exprim\u00e9 sa profonde estime pour Mary Baker Eddy et la Science Chr\u00e9tienne\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\n

Bien que je n\u2019aie pas \u00e9tudi\u00e9 suffisamment en profondeur la grande religion fond\u00e9e par Mme<\/sup> Eddy pour consid\u00e9rer que je suis scientiste chr\u00e9tienne, je peux dire que je consid\u00e8re la Science Chr\u00e9tienne, telle que je la comprends, comme la plus id\u00e9ale et pourtant la plus pratique et la plus r\u00e9confortante des croyances. Elle accomplit plus de choses aujourd\u2019hui dans le monde que toute autre influence en faveur du bien, et elle continuera de le faire \u00e0 mesure que de plus en plus de gens prendront conscience de la beaut\u00e9 de ses enseignements\u2026<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n

Mme<\/sup> Eddy m\u00e9rite le respect, l\u2019admiration et l\u2019amour de toute la nation, car elle en est la femme la plus remarquable. Ses enseignements r\u00e9pandent l\u2019amour et la bonne volont\u00e9 parmi les hommes, et un scientiste chr\u00e9tien ne peut \u00eatre scientiste chr\u00e9tien sans avoir \u00e9limin\u00e9 de sa nature l\u2019avidit\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9go\u00efsme.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Dans ce m\u00eame article, Clara Barton confirmait \u00e9galement avoir lu le livre de Mary Baker Eddy, Science et Sant\u00e9 avec la Clef des Ecritures<\/i>, ajoutant : \u00ab L\u2019amour impr\u00e8gne tous les enseignements de cette grande femme \u2013 si grande, je crois, que, sous cet angle, nous pouvons \u00e0 peine en saisir l\u2019ampleur \u2013 et en examinant sa vie, nous ne voyons que sacrifice et altruisme. \u00bb<\/span>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Plus tard ce mois-l\u00e0, Mary Baker Eddy a r\u00e9pondu dans le Christian Science Sentinel<\/i>,<\/em> o\u00f9 l\u2019interview de Clara Barton \u00e9tait reproduite\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\n

Dans le New York American<\/i>, le 6 janvier 1908, Mlle<\/sup> Clara Barton a plong\u00e9 sa plume dans l\u2019encre de mon c\u0153ur et en a retrac\u00e9 les \u00e9motions, les motivations et le but. Puis, soulevant le voile de l\u2019entendement mortel, elle a d\u00e9crit ses pi\u00e8ces, ses invit\u00e9s, sa capacit\u00e9 d\u2019accueil, et a ensuite fait part de sa d\u00e9couverte \u00e0 la presse. Si Mlle<\/sup> Barton n\u2019\u00e9tait pas une v\u00e9n\u00e9rable soldate, patriote, philanthrope, moraliste et femme d\u2019Etat, je m\u2019abstiendrais de faire des \u00e9loges aussi saillants. Mais compte tenu de tout ce qu\u2019est v\u00e9ritablement Mlle<\/sup> Barton, et sachant qu\u2019elle peut supporter les coups qui pourraient suivre cette description de sa visite spirituelle, je dirais amen, qu\u2019il en soit ainsi.<\/span>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Clifford P. Smith, premier responsable des archives de L\u2019Eglise M\u00e8re (La Premi\u00e8re Eglise du Christ, Scientiste), se souvenait d\u2019avoir rencontr\u00e9 Clara Barton en 1906 lors de sa visite \u00e0 Mason City, dans l\u2019Iowa (Etats-Unis), o\u00f9 il r\u00e9sidait alors. Plus tard, il a mis par \u00e9crit ses impressions\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\n

En lui parlant, je ne pouvais m\u2019emp\u00eacher de penser qu\u2019elle avait beaucoup de choses en commun avec Mme<\/sup> Eddy, qu\u2019elle lui ressemblait peut-\u00eatre m\u00eame, non pas par ses traits, mais plut\u00f4t par son regard empreint d\u2019humilit\u00e9, d\u2019amour et d\u2019altruisme\u2026<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n

Elle me dit alors qu\u2019elle \u00e9tait convaincue que la Science Chr\u00e9tienne \u00e9tait vraie, tant dans sa th\u00e9orie que dans sa pratique, qu\u2019elle avait envisag\u00e9 d\u2019adh\u00e9rer ouvertement \u00e0 la Cause de la Science Chr\u00e9tienne, mais qu\u2019apr\u00e8s m\u00fbre r\u00e9flexion, elle avait renonc\u00e9 pour cette raison. \u2013 En tant que fondatrice de la Croix-Rouge\u2026 quoi qu\u2019elle fasse, cela aurait eu de profondes r\u00e9percussions sur celle-ci. Consciente de cela, elle sentit qu\u2019elle devait croire dans la Science Chr\u00e9tienne et l\u2019utiliser, mais qu\u2019elle ne devait en aucun cas affaiblir la force de la Croix-Rouge en donnant l\u2019impression qu\u2019elle l\u2019abandonnait.<\/span>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n

Cet article est aussi disponible sur nos sites en allemand<\/strong><\/a>, anglais<\/strong><\/a>, espagnol<\/strong><\/a> et portugais<\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

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